Martin Luther was a seminal figure in the Protestant Reformation. He was a German theologian, priest, and monk whose writings and actions challenged the doctrines and practices of the Roman Catholic Church. He was born on November 10, 1483, in Eisleben, Saxony (now in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany). Luther’s early education was in Magdeburg and Eisenach. He later studied at the University of Erfurt. Initially pursuing a career in law, he shifted to theology and became an Augustinian monk. His visit to Rome in 1510 exposed him to the corruption within the Church, which deeply influenced his later criticisms. In 1517, Luther famously nailed his “Ninety-Five Theses” to the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg, protesting against the sale of indulgences and other church practices. This act is often seen as the start of the Reformation. His refusal to recant his writings led to his excommunication in 1520 and condemnation as an outlaw at the Diet of Worms in 15211. Luther’s translation of the Bible into German made the scriptures more accessible to the general public, significantly impacting the German language and culture. He married Katharina von Bora, a former nun, and they had six children. Luther died on February 18, 1546, in Eisleben. His legacy endures through the Protestant traditions that emerged from his teachings.