James Madison (1751-1836) was an American statesman, diplomat, and Founding Father who served as the fourth President of the United States from 1809 to 1817. Madison is often referred to as the "Father of the Constitution" for his pivotal role in drafting and promoting the U.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights. Madison was a key advocate for a strong federal government and co-authored The Federalist Papers with Alexander Hamilton and John Jay. He also served as Secretary of State under President Thomas Jefferson and played a significant role in the Louisiana Purchase. During his presidency, Madison led the United States through the War of 1812 against Britain. Madison was born on March 16, 1751, in Port Conway, Virginia. After retiring from the presidency, Madison returned to his Virginia plantation, Montpelier, where he continued to be active in public affairs until his death on June 28, 1836.