Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) was an American essayist, poet, and philosopher. He is best known for his book "Walden" and his essay "Civil Disobedience." In 1845, Thoreau built a small cabin near Walden Pond and lived there for two years, seeking a simpler, more deliberate way of life. His experiences at Walden Pond inspired "Walden," which reflects on nature, self-reliance, and the importance of living a meaningful life. Thoreau was a leading figure in the Transcendentalist movement. Thoreau's essay "Civil Disobedience" (1849) argued for nonviolent resistance to unjust laws and has influenced many social and political movements. He was born on July 12, 1817, in Concord, Massachusetts. He passed away on May 6, 1862, in Concord. Thoreau's ideas continue to resonate with readers and activists around the world.