Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) was a German philosopher, cultural critic, and poet. He is known for his profound and provocative ideas on religion, morality, culture, and science. Nietzsche's notable works include "Thus Spoke Zarathustra," "Beyond Good and Evil," and "The Genealogy of Morals." His philosophy often challenged traditional values and Christianity, advocating for a reevaluation of morals and the concept of the "Übermensch" or "Overman." Nietzsche's ideas have had a significant influence on existentialism, postmodernism, and various other intellectual movements. He was born on October 15, 1844, in Röcken, Prussia (now Germany). He suffered from mental illness in his later years and died on August 25, 1900, in Weimar, Germany.