Marcus Tullius Cicero (106-43 BCE) was a Roman statesman, orator, lawyer, and philosopher. He was born in Arpinum, Italy, and rose to prominence in the late Roman Republic. Cicero is renowned for his eloquent speeches and extensive writings, which include philosophical works, letters, and political treatises. He played a crucial role in the politics of his time, advocating for the Republic's principles against the rise of dictatorial powers. Despite his efforts, he was ultimately executed during the proscriptions of the Second Triumvirate. Cicero's works have had a lasting impact on the Latin language and Western thought.