Booker T. Washington (1856-1915) was an influential African American educator, author, and advisor to multiple U.S. presidents. Born into slavery on April 5, 1856, in Hale's Ford, Virginia, he rose to prominence after the Civil War. Washington founded the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute (now Tuskegee University) in 1881, emphasizing vocational education and economic self-reliance for African Americans. He was a key proponent of African-American businesses and founded the National Negro Business League. Washington's autobiography, "Up from Slavery," remains a significant work in American literature. He passed away on November 14, 1915, in Tuskegee, Alabama.